Webnology

AJAX Mean AJAX (shorthand for asynchronous JavaScript + XML), is a group of interrelated web development techniques used on the client-side to create interactive web applications or rich Internet applications. With Ajax, web applications can retrieve data from the server asynchronously in the background without interfering with the display and behavior of the existing page. The use of Ajax has led to an increase in interactive animation on web pages and better quality of Web services. Data is retrieved using the XMLHttpRequest object. Despite the name, the use of JavaScript and XML is not actually required, nor do the requests need to be asynchronous.

Technologies Use
1) XHTML and CSS for presentation
2) The Document Object Model for dynamic display of and interaction with data
3) XML and XSLT for the interchange, manipulation and display of data, respectively
4) The XMLHttpRequest object for asynchronous communication
5) JavaScript to bring these technologies together

Advantages
1) AJAX reducing bandwidth usage and load time.
2) Application will be faster or more responsive, even if the application has not changed on the server side.
3) The use of Ajax can reduce connections to the server, since scripts and style sheets only have to be requested once.
4) State can be maintained throughout a Web site. JavaScript variables will persist because the main container page need not be reloaded.

What AJAX Can’t Do
1) Browser morphing Adding buttons, toolbars, bookmarks, icons; changing browser behavior.
2) Local file access Reading and writing files on the user’s hard drive.
3) Rich graphics providing rich graphics, changing dynamically. (This is gradually changing with the introduction of SVG in some browsers, but it’s no match for desktop graphics.)
4) Keyboard shortcuts providing a full range of keyboard shortcuts while avoiding conflicts with the browser’s own keyboard shortcuts.
5) Extended communication from the client machine to locations beyond just the base server, and in protocols other than plain old HTTP.
6) Operating system interaction Catching events such as shutdown initiation; changing preferences; popping up alerts; reading hardware information.

Disadvantages
1) AJAX is not well integrated with any browsers
2) Building an AJAX-powered application can increase development time and costs
3) Although AJAX relies on existing and mature technologies like JavaScript, HTML and CSS, the available frameworks and components still need to completely mature.
4) Not all concerns regarding security and user privacy have been answered.
5) The biggest concern with AJAX is accessibility. This is because not all browsers have complete support for JavaScript or the XMLHttpRequest object
6) The last disadvantage lies in the actual XMLHttpRequest object itself. Due to security constraints, you can only use it to access information from the host that served the initial page. If you need to display information from another server, it is not possible within the AJAX paradigm.

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