Webnology

Introductions

A library that allows you to connect and communicate to many different types of servers with many different types of protocols. libcurl currently supports the http, https, ftp, gopher, telnet, dict, file, and ldap protocols. libcurl also supports HTTPS certificates

Requirement
PHP requires that you use libcurl 7.0.2-beta or higher
Resource type
This extension defines two resource types: a cURL handle and a cURL multi handle.

There are many curl functions are available.
The basic idea behind the cURL functions is that you initialize a cURL session using the curl_init(), then you can set all your options for the transfer via the curl_setopt(),

Example

$ch = curl_init("http://www.test.com/");
$fp = fopen("example_homepage.txt", "w");

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FILE, $fp);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);

curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
fclose($fp);

CURL FUNCTIONS AND CONSTANTS

Constants — Curl Predefined Constants
curl_close — Close a cURL session
curl_copy_handle — Copy a cURL handle along with all of its preferences
curl_errno — Return the last error number
curl_error — Return a string containing the last error for the current session
curl_exec — Perform a cURL session
curl_getinfo — Get information regarding a specific transfer
curl_init — Initialize a cURL session
curl_multi_add_handle — Add a normal cURL handle to a cURL multi handle
curl_multi_close — Close a set of cURL handles
curl_multi_exec — Run the sub-connections of the current cURL handle
curl_multi_getcontent — Return the content of a cURL handle if CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER is set
curl_multi_info_read — Get information about the current transfers
curl_multi_init — Returns a new cURL multi handle
curl_multi_remove_handle — Remove a multi handle from a set of cURL handles
curl_multi_select — Get all the sockets associated with the cURL extension, which can then be "selected"
curl_setopt_array — Set multiple options for a cURL transfer
curl_setopt — Set an option for a cURL transfer
curl_version — Gets cURL version information

LAMP usually free and open source
software, used to run dynamic Web sites or servers

The combination of these technologies is used primarily to define a web server infrastructure, define a programming paradigm of developing software, and establish a software distribution package.

LAMP Contain Following Component

1) Linux , referring to the Operating System.
2) Apache is a web server
3) MySQL as a DBMS
4) Scripting Language: PHP, PERL, PYTHON

The scripting component of the LAMP has origin in CGI Web interfaces that became popular in the early 1990s

Various Software

Linux
For getting more information about Linux:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux

Apache
For Getting more information about Apache HTTP Server:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server

MySQL
For Getting more information about MySQL
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQL

Perl / PHP / PYTHON
For Getting more information about Perl, PHP, and Python (programming
language)
PERL
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl

PHP
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP

PYTHON
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)

1) Unvalidated Input Errors
2) Access Control Flaws
3) Session ID Protection
4) Cross Site Scripting (XSS) Flaws
5) SQL Injection Vulnerabilities
6) Error Reporting
7) Data Handling Errors
8) Form Duplication.

Now we are discssed above points in details

1) Unvalidated Input Errors
most common PHP security issue is the unvalidated input error. User provided data cannot be trusted. Each time its not possiable that we can validate each and every condition of data. To avoiding this
u have handel each and every condition of validation which is most time applicable to that dara. You should always validate your user provided data by rejecting anything other than the expected data. Never use the approach that you'll accept anything except data you know to be harmful this is a common source of security flaws.
Always remember general many peoples and compitator are always think that how you are application is bomb or failed in this security condition.

2) Access Control Flaws
You should check the users access privileges upon every load of a restricted page of your PHP application. You have to always take care of user type also its IP Address for security reason. Always use .htaccess for restricting specific user and ip addresses. Always place configuration file out side accessiable directory. Always use Directory Structure for security reason.

3) Session ID Protection
Session ID hijacking can be a problem with PHP Websites. The PHP session tracking component uses a unique ID for each user's session, but if this ID is known to another user, that person can hijack the user's session and see information that should be confidential. Session ID hijacking cannot completely be prevented; you should know the risks so you can solve them.
If your site is handling critical information such as credit card numbers, always use an SSL secured connection. This will help reduce session hijacking.

4) Cross Site Scripting (XSS) Flaws
Cross site scripting, or XSS, flaws are a subset of user validation where a malicious user embeds scripting commands. Example Javascript.
Use Filters for avoiding this such a types of issues.

5) SQL Injection
SQL injection are yet another class of input validation flaws. Specifically, they allow for the execuation of a database query which are affected database.
PHP's much-reviled magic quotes feature is enabled by default in current versions of PHP. This feature, which can be disabled by setting the magic_quotes_gpc php.ini variable to Off, will automatically apply addslashes to all values submitted via GET, POST or cookies.
you also use stripslashes() for avoiding this such a tyep of problem.

6) Error Reporting
You should ensure that your display_errors php.ini value is set to "0". Otherwise, any errors that are encountered in your code, such as database connection errors, will be output to the end user's browser.
Instead of displaying errors, set the error_log ini variable to "1" and check your PHP error log frequently for caught errors.
you can develop your own error handling functions that are automatically invoked when PHP encounters an error, and can email you or execute other PHP code of your choice.

7) Data Handling Errors
The most common type of data handling error is in the unencrypted HTTP transmission of sensitive data that should be transmitted via HTTPS. Credit card numbers and customer information are the most common types of secured data.Use SSL security whenever you transmit sensitive data from your application to a user's browser. The same type of risk can occur when applications are updated using FTP, which is an insecure protocol. Transferring a PHP file that contains database passwords to your remote Webserver over an insecure protocol like FTP can allow an eavesdropper to sniff the packets and reveal your password. Always use a secure protocol like SFTP or SCP to transmit sensitive files.

8) Form Duplication.
Always try to generate unique id for form and validate It. After Validation form execuation will be proced.
This validation is help to increase form security and its execuation.

If you have any query or any problem than always welcome.

In This Post i will discussed with you how php application become Fast, Easy And Secure.

Hope so this post will help you to speed up development time and improve code quality.

Here Are Some Points:

1. Model View Controller Framework (MVC):
2. AJAX Frameworks:
3. Integrated Development Environment (IDE):
4. Database Creation/Management:
5. Object Relational Mapping (ORM):

1. Model View Controller Framework (MVC):
the MVC pattern is an industry accepted pattern to improve the organization and overall quality of your code. Put your database code in the model layer, visual UI code in the view, and business application logic in the controller. If you don’t know the MVC layer, you really should.

Here Are Some Examples of MVC Model
CakePHP, CodeIgniter, Zend Framework, symfony-project

2. AJAX Frameworks:
you should become familiar with a common AJAX framework. Scriptaculous, mootools, jquery this are a few examples of ajax framework. these frameworks can all do similar things and will make your clients happy and satisfy.

Few Examples
mootools, jquery, scriptaculo, prototypejs, dojotoolkit.

3. Integrated Development Environment (IDE):
if you’re developing objected oriented code or using a lot of libraries you should get a good IDE.
One of the famous Eclipse.

4. Database Creation/Management
Use database management software for manageing Db structure and other things related DB.

Here is some example of DB Management Application
DBDesigner, workbench etc

5. Object Relational Mapping (ORM):
A way of mapping your database tables to objects. This will manage your logic/business code to the database.
if you use tools like Propel DB you don’t have to code this as it generates it all for you

Here is an example Propel DB

Rather than this if you want any help regarding developing application than always welcome.

If you are intrested than please participate in our survey
Survey

How To Generate thumbnail With The Help Of PHP script ?
Yap. Today i will discussed this with you.

Rather than generating a small image, it cuts out a section of the photograph to create an Thumbnail of the photo itself.

You can use this script on any Site and any place.
With the help of this script we can generate any Size of Thumbnail.

First off, Defined 3 variables passed when the script is called.

$image_url - is the full URL of the image Which We want to thumbnail

$thumbnail_width and $thumbnail_height - With the help of this variables

we can manage thumbnails width and height.

image_url = $HTTP_GET_VARS['image'];
$thumbnail_width = $HTTP_GET_VARS['width'];
$thumbnail_height = $HTTP_GET_VARS['height'];

Next we find out the original width and height of the full image we are using, and store it in the variables $orginal_width and $orginal_height.

$size = GetImageSize($image);
$orginal_width = $size[0];
$orginal_height = $size[1];

Next we take the current width of the image and take off the wanted width. This means when the image is cropped it will not get cropped too close to the edge. Do Same Thing For Height also

$width = $orginal_width - $thumbnail_width;

$height = $orginal_height-$thumbnail_Height;

Now we generate x and y co-ordinates where the thumnail will start cropping Itself.

We can do this in different way.

$x = $width/2;
$y = $height/2;

After That We Will Create Thumbnail Copy.

$src = ImageCreateFromJpeg($image_url);

Next a blank image is created with the wanted Thumbnails width and height.

$tmb = ImageCreateTrueColor($thumbnail_width,$thumbnail_Height);

Now we can Create our actual thumbnail.This code copies the old image to the blank one, generated x and y co-ordinates.

ImageCopy($tmb, $src, 0, 0, $x, $y, $thumbnail_width, $thumbnail_Height);

Now display the image with the help of following code

header('Content-type: image/jpeg');
ImageJpeg($tmb, null, 100);

Finally, destroy images from memory

ImageDestroy($src);
ImageDestroy($tmb);

Finally, to use the script in your code use the following line of html. Rather than pointing the src of the img tag to an image, it points to this php script and pass the location of the image, width and height along with it.

Write down below code in img html tag
src="thumbnail.php?image=http://www.mysite.com/image.jpg&wi dth=50&height=50"

mysql is a simple SQL shell (with GNU readline capabilities). It supports interactive and non-interactive use. When used interactively, query results are presented in an ASCII-table format. When used non-interactively (for example, as a filter), the result is presented in tab-separated format. The output format can be changed using command options.

Using mysql is very easy. Lets See Below Code For Your Reference.

With Shell
mysql db_name
Or:
mysql --user=user_name --password=your_password db_name

Then type an SQL statement, end it with “;”, \g, or \G and press Enter.

Let we will see how we can connect mysql Database With Command Prompt

Before you can use MySQL, you need to create a database on your Control Panel. Once you have created a database, there are a few ways you can connect to it with the help of command line:

At a shell prompt you type all one 1 single line:

mysql -u DBUSERNAME -h DBSERVER -p DBNAME

DBUSERNAME: Database User Name
DBSERVER: Database Server Name(Most of the time Localhost)
DBNAME: Database Table Name

See Below Example For Further Help
Example:

mysql -u FutureS -h db.kb.com -p Client

DBUSERNAME: FutureS
DBSERVER: db.kb.com
DBNAME: Client

For Further Command Lines Syntax Visit Following Links:
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/mysql-command-options.html
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/mysql-commands.html

Some Important Facts About PHP Interview:

1) Always Expect Unexpected Questions.
2) Always Give any sample answers you find which is suitable to that question.
3) Job interview questions are not things to fear, they are opportunities to excel. They allow you to show why you are the best person for the job, so instead of afriad them, take it positive way and look forward to them! Try to give better answers than anyone else.

You have to take Following actions:

1) Make a list of your positive points for the position. try to find out What qualifications, skills, experience, knowledge, background, personality do you possess that would apply to this particular job?
2)Dont Depend on job sample interview questions you find through various resources, you must develop yourself try to make a list of questions based specifically on the job for which you are applying.
3) Write down your answers which is suitable to questions.
4) Review and edit your answers until you feel they are "just right."
5) Don't try to memorize answer;

There are few Suggessations For You:

1) Be yourself, Be concise.
2) Let the interviewer lead, If they want you to talk more, talk more but in a such a way that person will appriciate your answer.
3) Don’t talk too quickly.
4) Don’t ask for questions.
5) Do your own research.
6) Think properly about what you would like to say.
7) Always Remember what the interviewer wants.
8) Be accessible, Give the phone number and an email address. Don’t hide behind a company. Other wise its difficult to them to contact you.
9) Reach for Interview On Time.
10) Prepare yourself For Each And Every Condition.
11) Don't answer it
There are some questions that simply shouldn’t be asked. If you think you've just had one of these (e.g. whether you're planning a family or not), then politely explain that you'd rather not discuss that in the context of an interview; you like to keep your work and home life separate. Stay calm and realise that this type of question is almost always asked innocently, as an ice-breaker
12) It's ok to ask for time to think.

If you have any doubts or query than contact us.

Before you continue you should have a basic understanding of the following:
• HTML
• Some scripting knowledge

History:

The origins of PHP start to 1995, when an independent software development contractor named Rasmus Lerdorf.

The new PHP release was extremely popular, and a core team of developers soon joined Lerdorf. They kept the original concept of incorporating code directly alongside HTML and rewrote the parsing engine,
1997 also saw the change of the words underlying the PHP abbreviation from Personal Home Page to Hypertext Preprocessor

Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans, took the initiative to complete reengineering of the way PHP operated, rewriting of the PHP parser, dubbed the Zend scripting engine. The result of this work was seen in the release of PHP 4.

What is PHP?

1) It Hypertext Preprocessor.
2) It's a server-side scripting language
3) It scripts are executed on the server.
4) It supports many databases (MySQL, Informix, Oracle, Sybase, Solid, PostgreSQL, Generic ODBC, etc.)
5) It's an open source.
6) It's free to download and use.

What is a PHP File ?
1) It contain text, HTML tags and scripts.
2) It returned to the browser as plain HTML
3) It have a file extension of ".php", ".php3", or ".phtml".

Why PHP ?

1) It runs on different platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, etc.).
2) Its compatible with all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)
3) Its FREE to download
4) Its easy to learn and runs easily on the server side.

PHP is a powerful scripting language for creating dynamic websites. PHP is distributed under a license that makes the source code available to anyone.PHP allows its code to be embedded into html pages and offers rich scripting functionality that makes data processing fast and efficient.The extensive APIs for access to databases, XML, object layers such as COM, and much more, make PHP very a flexible platform for web development. Syntax and naming of language are very similar to the Perl and C. which makes learning PHP convenient for the experienced programmer. PHP even offers object oriented programming for better modularity and reuse of code.